| internal environment | 内环境 |
| homeostasis | 稳态 |
| negative feedback | 负反馈 |
| positive feedback | 正反馈 |
| simple diffusion | 单纯扩散 |
| facilitated diffusion via ion channel | 经通道易化扩散 |
| facilitated diffusion via carrier | 经载体易化扩散 |
| primary active transport | 原发性主动转运 |
| secondary active transport | 继发性主动转运 |
| exocytosis | 出胞 |
| endocytosis | 入胞 |
| resting potential | 静息电位 |
| hyperpolarization | 超极化 |
| polarization | 极化 |
| depolarization | 去极化 |
| overshoot | 超射 |
| repolarization | 复极 |
| spike potential | 锋电位 |
| threshold | 阈值 |
| salutatory conduction | 跳跃式传导 |
| threshold potential | 阈电位 |
| local potential | 局部电位 |
| spatial summation | 空间总和 |
| temporal summation | 时间总和 |
| excitation | 兴奋 |
| excitability | 兴奋性 |
| excitation-contraction coupling | 兴奋收缩耦联 |
| absolute refractory period | 绝对不应期 |
| relative refractory period | 相对不应期 |
| supranormal period | 超常期 |
| subnormal period | 低常期 |
| end-plate potential | 终板电位 |
| calcium induced Ca release | 钙触发钙释放 |
| performance of contraction | 收缩效能 |
| isometric contraction | 等长收缩 |
| isotonic contraction | 等张收缩 |
| preload | 前负荷 |
| initial length | 初长度 |
| optimal initial length | 最适初长度 |
| afterload | 后负荷 |
| contractility | 肌肉收缩能力 |
| tetanus | 强直收缩 |
| cardiac cycle | 心动周期 |
| period of isovolumic contraction | 等容收缩期 |
| end-diastolic volume | 舒张末期容积 |
| ejection fraction | 射血分数 |
| cardiac output | 心输出量 |
| cardiac index | 心指数 |
| stroke work | 每搏功 |
| heterometric regulation | 异长调节 |
| ventricular compliance | 心室顺应性 |
| specific compliance | 比顺应性 |
| intrapleural pressure | 胸膜腔内压 |
| elastic resistance | 弹性阻力 |
| surfactant | 表面活性物质 |
| alveolar ventilation | 肺泡通气量 |
| intrapulmonary pressure | 肺内压 |
| tidal volume | 潮气量 |
| vital capacity | 肺活量 |
| minute ventilation volume | 每分通气量 |
| forced vital capacity | 用力肺活量 |
| physiological dead space | 生理无效腔 |
| ventilation/perfusion ratio | 通气/血流比值 |
| oxygen capacity | 氧容量 |
| oxygen content | 氧含量 |
| oxygen dissociation curve | 氧离曲线 |
| carbaminohemoglobin | 氨基甲酸血红蛋白 |
| Bohr effect | 波尔效应 |
| oxygen saturation | 氧饱和度 |
| carbonic anhydrase | 碳酸酐酶 |
| respiratory center | 呼吸中枢 |
| pneumotaxic center | 呼吸调整中枢 |
| pulmonary stretch reflex | 肺牵张反射 |
| digestion | 消化 |
| mechanical digestion | 机械性消化 |
| chemical digestion | 化学性消化 |
| absorption | 吸收 |
| slow wave | 慢波 |
| basic electrical rhythm，BER | 基本电节律 |
| intrinsic nervous system | 内在神经系统 |
| extrinsic nervous system | 外来神经系统 |
| gastrointestinal hormone（gut hormone） | 胃肠激素 |
| pepsinogen | 胃蛋白酶原 |
| gastric mucosal barrier | 胃黏膜屏障 |
| intrinsic factor | 内因子 |
| gastrin | 胃泌素 |
| receptive relaxation | 容受性舒张 |
| gastric emptying | 胃的排空 |
| migrating motor complex，MMC | 移行性复合运动 |
| segmental motility | 分节运动 |
| enterogastric reflex | 肠胃反射 |
| peristalsis | 蠕动 |
| trophic action | 营养作用 |
| energy metabolism | 能量代谢 |
| thermal equivalent of food | 食物的热价 |
| thermal equivalent of oxygen | 食物的氧热价 |
| respiratory quotient， RQ | 呼吸商 |
| non-protein respiratory quotient， NPRQ | 非蛋白呼吸商 |
| specific dynamic effect | 特殊动力效应 |
| basal metabolism rate， BMR | 基础代谢率 |
| body temperature | 体温 |
| set point | 调顶点 |
| referred pain | 牵涉痛 |
| cortical evoked potential | 皮层诱发电位 |
| Electroencephalogram | 脑电图 |
| electrocorticogram | 皮层电图 |
| slow wave sleep | 慢波睡眠 |
| fast wave sleep | 快波睡眠 |
| motor unit | 运动单位 |
| stretch reflex | 牵张反射 |
| muscle tonus | 肌紧张 |
| tendon reflex | 腱反射 |
| muscle spindle | 肌梭 |
| tendon organ | 腱器官 |
| moter column | 运动柱 |
| spinal shock | 脊休克 |
| spinal animal | 脊动物 |
| decerebrate animal | 去大脑动物 |
| decerebrate rigidity | 去大脑僵直 |
| vestibulocerebellum | 前庭小脑 |
| spinocerebellum | 脊髓小脑 |
| cerebrocerebellum | 皮层小脑 |
| intention tremor | 意向性震颤 |
| static tremor | 静止性震颤 |
| biorhythm | 生物节律 |
| defense reaction | 防御反应 |
| loss of mrmory | 遗忘 |
| feeding center | 摄食中枢 |
| satiety center | 饱中枢 |
| endocrine | 内分泌 |
| permissiveness action | 允许作用 |
| hypothalamic regulatory peptides | 下丘脑调节肽 |
| human growth hormone | 生长激素 |
| thyroid hormones | 甲状腺激素 |
| parathyroid hormone | 甲状旁腺激素 |
| calcitonin | 降钙素 |
| insulin | 胰岛素 |
| glucocorticoids | 糖皮质激素 |
| cortisol | 皮质醇 |
| stress | 应激 |
| somatomedin | 生长素介质 |
| prolactin | 催乳素 |
| oxytocin | 缩宫素 |
| insulin－like growth factor | 胰岛素样生长因子 |
| homometric regulation | 等长调节 |
| cardiac reserve | 心力储备 |
| autorhythmicity | 自动节律性 |
| inward rectifier K+ channel | 内向整流钾通道 |
| transient outward current | 一过性外向电流 |
| plateau | 平台期 |
| delayed rectifier K+ current | 延迟整流钾流 |
| myocardial contractility | 心肌收缩能力 |
| maximal repolarization potential | 最大复极电位 |
| pacemaker current | 起搏电流 |
| latent pacemaker | 潜在起搏点 |
| conductivity | 传导性 |
| preferential pathway | 优势传导通路 |
| atrioventricular delay | 房-室延搁 |
| electrocardiogram | 心电图 |
| mean circulatory filling pressure | 循环系统平均充盈压 |
| peripheral resistance | 外周阻力 |
| systolic pressure | 收缩压 |
| diastolic pressure | 舒张压 |
| central venous pressure | 中心静脉压 |
| transmural pressure | 跨壁压 |
| microcirculation | 微循环 |
| effective filtration pressure | 有效滤过压 |
| positive chronotropic action | 正性变时作用 |
| negative dromotropic action | 负性变传导作用 |
| positive inotropic action | 正性变力作用 |
| cardiac vagal tone | 心迷走紧张 |
| sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone | 交感缩血管紧张 |
| cardiovascular center | 心血管中枢 |
| baroreceptor reflex | 压力感受性反射 |
| buffer nerve | 缓冲神经 |
| chemoreceptor | 化学感受器 |
| renin-angiotensin system | 肾素-血管紧张素系统 |
| epinephrine, adrenaline | 肾上腺素 |
| interstitial fluid | 组织液 |
| coronary circulation | 冠脉循环 |
| compensatory pause | 代偿间歇 |
| premature systole (extrasystole) | 期前收缩 |
| arterial pulse | 动脉脉搏 |
| overdrive suppression | 超速驱动压抑 |
| hemodynamics | 血流动力学 |
| arteriovenous shunt | 短路血管（动-静脉短路） |
| bradykinin | 缓激肽 |
| respiration | 呼吸 |
| pulmonary ventilation | 肺通气 |
| inspiration | 吸气 |
| expiration | 呼气 |
| eupnea | 平静呼吸 |
| dyspnea | 呼吸困难 |
| abdominal breathing | 腹式呼吸 |
| thoracic breathing | 胸式呼吸 |
| pneumothorax | 气胸 |
| nephron | 肾单位 |
| juxtaglomerular apparatus | 球旁器 |
| macula densa | 致密斑 |
| tubuloglomerular feedback | 管－球反馈 |
| glomerulotubular balance | 球－管平衡 |
| glomerular filtration rate， GFR | 肾小球滤过率 |
| filtration fraction， FF | 滤过分数 |
| filtration equilibrium | 滤过平衡 |
| renal threshold for glucose | 肾糖阈 |
| osmotic diuresis | 渗透性利尿 |
| water diuresis | 水利尿 |
| clearance | 清除率 |
| reabsorption | 重吸收 |
| renal plasma flow，RPF | 肾血浆流量 |
| vasa recta | U直小血管 |
| receptor | 感受器 |
| adequate stimulus | 适宜刺激 |
| receptor potencial | 感受器电位 |
| reduced eye | 简化眼 |
| visual acuity | 视敏度 |
| near point of vision | 近点 |
| myopia | 近视 |
| hyperopia | 远视 |
| astigmatism | 散光 |
| rod cell | 视杆细胞 |
| cone cell | 视锥细胞 |
| dark adaptation | 暗适应 |
| light adaptation | 明适应 |
| visual field | 视野 |
| Cochlear micro-phonic potential | 耳蜗微音器电位 |
| trophic action | 神经的营养性作用 |
| functional action | 神经的功能性作用 |
| axoplasmic transport | 轴浆运输 |
| Postsynaptic potential | 突触后电位 |
| Excitatory postsynaptic potential | 兴奋性突触后电位 |
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potential | 抑制性突触后电位 |
| postsynaptic inhibition | 突触后抑制 |
| presynaptic inhibition | 突触前抑制 |
| Afferent collateral inhibition | 传入侧支性抑制 |
| Recurrent inhibition | 回返性抑制 |
| varicosity) | 曲张体 |
| neurotransmitter | 神经递质 |
| neuromodulator | 神经调质 |
| receptor | 受体 |
| one way conduction | 单向传播 |
| central delay | 中枢延搁 |
| Sensory Projection System | 感觉投射系统 |
| Specific Projection System | 特异性投射系统 |
| Non-specific Projection System | 非特异性投射系统 |
| Ascending reticular activating system | 脑干网状结构上行激动系统 |
| sensory column | 感觉柱 |